Board of Certification for the Athletic Trainer (BOC) Practice Test

What condition is MOST likely a predisposing factor for overuse injuries associated with prolonged pronation?

1. Pes cavus

2. Pes planus

3. Metatarsalgia

4. Hallux valgus

The correct answer is: Pes planus

The correct answer is pes planus, which refers to flat feet, a condition where the arch of the foot is lowered or absent. This anatomical feature can significantly alter the mechanics of the foot and ankle during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Prolonged pronation occurs when the foot rolls inward excessively during movement. Individuals with pes planus are more prone to this over-pronation because their feet do not have the structural support provided by a normal or high arch. As a result, the alignment and function of the lower extremities may become compromised, leading to abnormal stresses on various structures. This predisposes the individual to overuse injuries in areas such as the Achilles tendon, plantar fascia, and can contribute to knee and hip issues due to the altered alignment. Other conditions, such as pes cavus (high arches), typically result in supination, where the foot rolls outward, leading to a different set of overuse injuries. Metatarsalgia involves pain in the metatarsal region and does not inherently predispose someone to overuse injuries associated with pronation. Hallux valgus, which is a bunion deformity, can lead to pain and functional limitations, but it does not primarily affect the biomechanical function