Board of Certification for the Athletic Trainer (BOC) Practice Test

What is the best immediate emergency technique to use when an athlete is unconscious with no breath and pulse?

1. Bag valve mask respiration

2. Chest compressions

3. Defibrillation

4. Rescue breathing

The correct answer is: Chest compressions

In a situation where an athlete is unconscious and shows no signs of breathing or a pulse, the priority is to ensure that blood continues to circulate to vital organs. Chest compressions play a critical role in this scenario. When performed effectively, they help maintain circulation in the absence of a heartbeat, which is vital for sustaining life until professional help arrives or until further advanced medical interventions can be administered. Beginning with chest compressions is part of the recommended approach outlined in CPR guidelines. This technique helps to manually pump blood throughout the body, providing oxygen to the brain and other essential organs. It's crucial because time is of the essence in a cardiac arrest situation; each moment without circulation can significantly decrease the chances of survival. Other techniques, while important in the broader context of resuscitation, are not the best immediate response in this case. For example, bag valve mask respiration and rescue breathing are critical when someone is not breathing but still has a pulse, as they aim to provide oxygen to the lungs. Defibrillation, although vital in cases of certain types of cardiac arrest, is only effective when used after chest compressions have been initiated. Thus, starting with chest compressions is the optimal first step in a life-threatening emergency where the athlete is unconscious, not